Acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is characterized by the presence of an acquired severe normochromic, most frequently normocytic anemia associated with a complete disappearance of reticulocytes and erythroid precursors in the marrow and normal production of myeloid cells and…
Introduction and History Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an opportunity to expound upon three major topics: hemolytic anemia, autoimmune-mediated bone marrow failure, and thrombosis. For the physician explaining a new diagnosis to the patient, PNH is now a cause for…
Aplastic anemia (AA), the paradigm of the bone marrow (BM) failure syndromes, is most simply defined as peripheral blood pancytopenia and a hypocellular BM ( Fig. 31.1 ). AA occurring as a primary hematologic disorder is historically denoted idiopathic, but…
Introduction Inherited bone marrow (BM) failure is defined herein as decreased production of one or more of the major hematopoietic lineages; i.e., red blood cells (RBCs), neutrophils, and platelets, due to germline mutations that were derived from the parents or…
Platelets, once regarded simply as ”blood dust,” are now recognized to play essential roles in hemostasis. Not only do they form a hemostatic plug and initiate thrombus formation in the event of vascular injury, but they also repair minute vascular…
Granulocytopoiesis Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) are short-lived cells that are critical to both antimicrobial and inflammatory responses. The bone marrow (BM) produces granulocytes, particularly neutrophils, at a prodigious rate to supply the baseline need for circulating cells that survive…
The production of erythroid cells is a dynamic and exquisitely regulated process. The mature red cell is the final phase of a complex but orderly series of genetic events that is initiated when a multipotent stem cell commits to the…
Conventional modalities for treating cancer remain unsatisfactory. Despite the introduction of small molecules that target specific molecular lesions or pathways within the cancer cells, cure rates for many common tumors remain low, while adverse events are still distressingly high. Cancer…
T lymphocytes have the natural ability to destroy viral-infected or tumor target cells by a range of mechanisms that are initiated upon recognition of target peptides presented by histocompatibility antigens. Coupled with their ability to traffic through multiple tissues and…
Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) play an essential role in the immune response to pathogens and against host cells that have undergone malignant transformation. T cells are critical regulators of the immune system that act through production of soluble mediators and…