Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex and heterogeneous group of malignancies in which genetic and epigenetic alterations lead to differentiation arrest and/or uncontrolled expansion of myeloid cell precursors. Pediatric AML is characterized by a wide array of genetic aberrations…
Recent advances in molecular diagnostics continue to shed light on genetic underpinnings of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, with notable exceptions, both diseases remain therapeutic challenges. Fortunately, our ability to provide more precise prognostic information has…
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) include a group of clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and blood cytopenias, abnormal blood and bone marrow cell morphology ( Fig. 61.1 ), and a risk of clonal evolution including progression to acute myeloid…
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal neoplasm of hematopoietic stem or myeloid progenitor cells characterized by block in differentiation and unregulated proliferation of hematopoietic cells in the marrow, blood, and extramedullary sites. The major consequence of this malignant transformation…
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, characterized by recurrent genetic and epigenetic alterations. Historically, human leukemias were distinguished according to clinical and histological features and subsequently by morphology. Analysis of the AML genome at increasing…
The treatment of patients with hematologic malignancies has been revolutionized over the past decades as new therapeutic targets continue to be identified through cellular and molecular studies of these conditions. These investigations have spawned the discovery, clinical evaluation, and US…
Dedicated to the loving memory of Eta Najfeld, MD, a Holocaust survivor and an amazing mother . Over the past 66 years the cytogenetic analysis of hematologic malignancies has been an area of prolific growth. Chromosome studies and karyotype analysis…
Defining and classifying tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue accurately is critical for providing optimal treatment to patients with hematologic malignancies. Explicit definitions and terminologies are prerequisites for the precise classification of hematologic malignancies. A reproducible classification that is…
The initial clinical descriptions of primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections are credited to Filatov and Pfeiffer at the end of the 19th century. Pfeiffer coined the term glandular fever , which described an illness consisting of fever, malaise, sore throat,…
Lysosomal Storage Diseases Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are genetic disorders caused by deficiencies in single lysosomal hydrolases. Deficiencies result in cellular and organ damage due to subsequent accumulation of a specific substrate for that particular enzyme, hence the term “storage”…