Clinical Picture Globally, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331,000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer death in both sexes together. In the United States, pancreatic cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality. In…
Disease Forms and Clinical Picture The cardinal manifestations of chronic pancreatitis (CP) are recurrent or persistent abdominal pain that lasts for months to years, accompanied by diabetes, steatorrhea, and pancreatic calculi. Morphologically, the disease is characterized by destruction and loss…
Etiology and Clinical Picture Acute pancreatitis (AP), an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas characterized clinically by abdominal pain and biochemically by elevated levels of serum amylase and lipase, may present as a mild, self-remitting disorder or as a fulminant disease…
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive genetic disease transmitted by an autosomal recessive mechanism. Among Caucasians, the frequency is 1 in 2000 to 3000 live births but much less in African Americans (1 : 15,000) and Asian Americans (1 : 30,000). The carrier rate…
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Trichinosis The most common Trichinella species in the United States is Trichinella spiralis, which is almost worldwide in its distribution. However, other Trichinella species infect humans in Africa and in the arctic regions. Humans become infected by eating undercooked pork…
The four clinically important cestodes, or flatworms, are Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm), and Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm). The tapeworms live in the intestine of vertebrates (the primary or definitive host) but spend…
Hookworm disease is caused by either of two nematodes, Necator americanus (New World hookworm) or Ancylostoma duodenale (Old World hookworm). N. americanus is found in the Western Hemisphere in tropical and subtropical areas and also in Africa and Asia. A.…