Risk There are on the order of 100,000 aortic valve surgeries each year, with approximately 18,000 of them performed annually in the USA. Of aortic valves, 20% to 30% have isolated regurgitation at time of replacement. At time of replacement,…
Risk Lifetime prevalence approximately 30% in USA Gender: Female (2× more likely compared with male) Environmental: Traumatic or stressful events Age: Often develop in childhood and early adulthood; however, may occur any time after a stressful event Medical conditions: Chronic…
Risk Incidence in USA: 1:2000-5000 (may be higher) Men and women equally affected and no racial or ethnic difference Perioperative Risks Risk of postop thromboembolic phenomena; 40% to 70%, most common (in descending order): DVT, pulm embolus, mesenteric thrombosis, cerebral…
Risk Pts with mechanical heart valves, atrial fibrillation, pulm embolism, or recent venous thrombosis. Oral anticoagulant therapy (warfarin, oral Xa inhibitor-rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban) and direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran) and use of low-molecular-weight heparin, fondaparinux may increase potential risks in…
Risk Primarily in white adolescent females from middle- or upper-class families; 4% to 10% males. More common in models, ballet students, and professions demanding high achievement. Occurs in 5-10 per 100,000 population; mortality rate 5-10%. Bimodal peak age of onset:…
Risk One percent of all congenital heart defects. TAPVD, the severe form, or PAPVD, the less severe form, exists when pulm veins drain into the venous circulation. M:F 4:1 in infradiaphragmatic type. Perioperative Risks Rapid CV deterioration secondary to hypercapnia…
Risk 1:2000 incidence in Caucasians; rare in non-Caucasians M:F 10:1; more severe in males 18-50% incidence in Native Americans Perioperative Risks Difficult airway and atlantoaxial instability “Bamboo spine” with potential for fracture during airway manipulation Rigid chest with difficult ventilation…
Risk Rare: 1:125,000,000 Clusters in Japan and Israel Perioperative Risks Impaired thermoregulation (risk of fatal hyperpyrexia in infants) Postop chest infections Worry About Absence of sweat leads to impaired thermoregulation. Insensitivity to superficial and deep painful stimuli with intact tactile…
Risk Incidence in USA: 3 million. Annual rates per 1000 new episodes of angina for non-African American men are 28.3 for ages 65–74, 36.3 for ages 75–84, and 33.0 for age 85 and older. For non-African American women in the…
Risk Prevalence: Estimates ranging from 1.7-3.6%. Most common cause is vitamin deficiency: 65% vitamin B12; 12% combined folate/vitamin B12; 6% folate. Pernicious anemia is less common: 1 in 7500 people in USA develops pernicious anemia each year. Prevalence increases with…