Pediatric neurosurgical patients present a unique set of anesthetic challenges that include treatment of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), the frequent use of lateral and prone positions, and the anesthetic implications of neurophysiologic monitoring. These and other considerations for the neurosurgical…
Musculoskeletal Trauma General Considerations Whether via monkey bar falls or trampoline accidents, children often find a way into the operating room for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries. Approximately 40% of boys and 25% of girls will have at least one…
Anesthetic care for pediatric thoracic surgery covers a wide range of ages, concomitant disease processes, and surgical pathology. The clinical scenario ranges from an elective, outpatient procedure on an otherwise healthy patient to an emergent procedure in a neonate with…
In this chapter, we review principles of anesthetic management of some common and unique surgical procedures that are within the purview of the general pediatric surgeon. The first section contains a discussion of concerns for intraabdominal procedures, especially in neonates…
Anesthesia for ENT surgery is one of the most challenging because of the frequency of airway obstruction in infants and small children and requisite sharing of the airway that is often at a distance from the anesthesiologist. The trainee must…
There are many features of the administration of general anesthesia that differ between children and adults. In this chapter, we discuss those differences, with an emphasis on anesthetic medications and ventilation strategies. We also review the importance of racial disparities…
In this chapter we review principles of pediatric difficult airway management, with a focus on those entities that cause anatomic or functional airway obstruction above the level of the glottis. We consider causes and treatments of anticipated and unanticipated difficult…
General anesthesiologists that occasionally anesthetize children should be intimately familiar with the anatomy of the pediatric upper airway. In this chapter, the pertinent features of the pediatric airway and the correct ways to manage the pediatric airway are detailed. Several…
This chapter reviews the importance of thermoregulation and temperature monitoring in anesthetized children. It addresses the significance of keeping children normothermic and will help the trainee understand why pediatric anesthesiologists become apoplectic when faced with the possibility that the small…
A variety of intravenous fluid and blood products are administered to children in the perioperative period. Indications include preoperative deficit replacement, ongoing maintenance requirements, fluid loss replacement, and treatment of anemia and hypovolemia. This chapter describes the use of these…