RESPIRATORY SYSTEM The respiratory system is made up of the structures involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the atmosphere, so-called external respiration . The exchange of gases between the blood in the capillaries…
Cervical Spine Axial 1 Pathologic Process Note on these images that the nasopharynx is often seen on cervical spine imaging. The neuroradiologist should always check for symmetry of the Eustachian tube opening and fossa of Rosenmüller just anterior to the…
Vertebral Column Cervical Vertebrae: C1 (Atlas) and C2 (Axis) Cervical Vertebrae: C3, C4, and C7 You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in…
Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Infrahyoid Neck Axial 1 Diagnostic Consideration Axial 1 on the next page shows both a T2-weighted sequence (upper image) and a T1-weighted image (lower). Note that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the spinal cord is bright on T2-weighted…
Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Suprahyoid Neck Axial 1 Normal Anatomy Note the enhancement of the mucosal surfaces of the aerodigestive tract on the lower magnetic resonance (MR) image in Axial 1 after gadolinium contrast administration. The subcutaneous adipose tissue and…
Temporal Bone Axial 1 Normal Anatomy The temporal bone initially may seem a daunting area for magnetic resonance imaging because of the apparent structural complexity. To understand the temporal region better, trace the hearing pathway from auricle through external auditory…
Mandible and Muscles of Mastication Axial 1 Normal Anatomy Four paired muscles—temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid—are the primary muscles of mastication, responsible for adduction and lateral motion. In the axial MR image on the next page, note the…
Orbits Axial 1 Orbits Axial 1 Orbits Axial 2 Orbits Axial 2 Orbits Axial 3 Normal Anatomy The lenses are normally biconvex in shape. If this configuration is replaced by a thin line, the patient likely has had the lens…
Paranasal Sinuses Axial 1 Normal Anatomy The paranasal sinuses are composed of the frontal sinuses, the ethmoid sinuses or ethmoid air cells, the maxillary sinuses or maxillary antra, and the sphenoid sinuses. The names are derived from the bones that…
Skull: Anterior Aspect Skull: Lateral Aspect Base of Skull: External Aspect You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here