General Principles Overview Injuries to the thorax and abdomen are more often seen in sports involving sudden deceleration and impact (e.g., football, ice hockey, skiing, and snowboarding). Early recognition and management of these potentially life-threatening injuries are imperative. Serial assessments…
General Principles Overview Fortunately, most sports-related hand and wrist injuries, when addressed in a timely manner, do not represent a significant threat to limb viability, long-term function, or eventual return to sports. Perhaps the greatest morbidity from these injuries results…
General Principles History and Physical Examination History Hand dominance Location: medial, lateral, anterior, or posterior Type of pain: radiating, numbness/tingling, stiffness, mechanical symptoms (locking/catching) Duration of symptoms Mechanism of injury Pain modifiers Activity related: gripping, lifting, pushing, throwing, punching History…
Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge the work of Charles T. Crellin, MD, and Kevin M. Honig, MD, for their contribution to the previous edition. History A careful history will help establish the diagnosis and formulate a treatment plan.…
General Principles Epidemiology Three to twenty-nine percent of facial injuries are a result of sporting activities. Sixty to ninety percent of facial injuries in sports occur in males aged 10–29 years. Approximately 75% of facial fractures involve the zygoma, mandible,…
General Principles A 2013 study estimated over 30,000 emergency department visits annually for sports- and recreation-related eye injuries. The majority of these injuries occurred in individuals younger than 25 years, with a peak during adolescence, and 80% occurred in males.…
General Principles Cervical spine injuries are most often seen in football and hockey but have occurred in wrestling, rugby, baseball, lacrosse, skiing, snowboarding, equestrian sports, and mountain biking. Anatomy There are seven cervical vertebrae and eight cervical nerves. Spinal nerves…
General Principles Head injuries in sports are comparatively mild compared with those in high-velocity motor vehicle accidents (MVAs), yet they remain significant and important injuries for team physicians to evaluate and manage. Concussion is the most common head injury in…
General Principles A modality is the application of a therapeutic treatment in order to elicit an adaptive response within the body. The aim of modalities is to create an optimal healing environment. They are external treatments best thought of as…
General Principles The overall goal of rehabilitation is to enhance the recovery of injured tissues and avoid stresses that may prove deleterious to the healing process. This is accomplished by understanding normal function, pathomechanics, and the healing processes of specific…