For videos accompanying this chapter see ExpertConsult.com . See inside cover for access details. Nerve injury, repair, and reconstruction describes the traditional classification of nerve injuries as well as a clinical grouping of nerve injuries according to the mechanism of…
Introduction Compartment syndrome in either upper or lower extremity is often underestimated and may have detrimental consequences for functioning of the involved extremity. Muscle groups in the extremities are separated by fascial sheaths to ensure that muscles move in the…
For videos accompanying this chapter see ExpertConsult.com . See inside cover for access details. Introduction Vascular surgeons Jacobson and Suarez introduced the microscope to perfect microvascular small vessel anastomosis in 1960, which rapidly led to its application in revascularizing digits…
Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the generous assistance of Mr Donald Sammut in the preparation of this chapter. For video accompanying this chapter see ExpertConsult.com . See inside cover for access details. Introduction Tendon transfer is the surgical…
Extensor Tendon Injuries Unlike flexor tendons, the extensor tendons are not constrained in a sheath, but nevertheless have a complex and intricate anatomy. The dorsal skin being thinner and pliable is more susceptible to trauma. As extensor tendon repairs are…
Introduction Flexor tendon injuries are among commonly seen hand trauma, and outcomes of the treatment in the fingers and thumbs are traditionally unsatisfactory. In the hand and the forearm, flexor tendons are divided into five anatomical zones. Zone 2 is…
Introduction The hand is in harm’s way. It is at the frontier of all work and contact with the environment. The fingertips, as a collective functional unit, bear the statistical brunt of such injuries. Hand injuries constitute the single most…
For videos accompanying this chapter see ExpertConsult.com . See inside cover for access details. Embryology The upper limb bud develops from the flank of the developing embryo from day 26. Somatic lateral plate mesoderm forms the skeleton and mesoderm from…
Introduction Lymphedema is a chronic, debilitating disease resulting from infections, obesity, congenital abnormalities, or traumatic injuries. Congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system resulting in lymphedema are referred to as primary lymphedema. In contrast, lymphedema resulting from trauma, injury, infections, or…
Introduction Worldwide, lower extremity trauma is associated with significant cost, as well as considerable morbidity and even mortality. In the United States, open tibial shaft fractures are most common in young adult males and typically result from motor vehicle collisions…