Neuroradiology: Key Differential Diagnoses and Clinical Questions

Pediatric Globe Lesions

CASE A A 7-year-old boy with bilateral leukocoria and nystagmus. Ax, axial; CT, computed tomography. Open full size image CASE B A 2-year-old boy with right-sided leukocoria. Ax, axial; CT, computed tomography. Open full size image DESCRIPTION OF FINDINGS Case…

Congenital Arterial Anastomosis

CASE A Incidentally noted imaging finding. Ax , axial; CT , computed tomography; CTA , CT angiography; MIP , maximum intensity projection; PTA, persistent trigeminal artery; Recon , reconstruction; RICA, right internal carotid artery. Open full size image CASE B…

Leukodystrophies

CASE A A 6-month-old presenting with hyperirritability, increased muscular tone, fever, and developmental arrest. Ax , axial; Cor , coronal. (Courtesy Christopher Filippi, MD.) Open full size image CASE B This patient had normal development until 6 years of age…

Holoprosencephaly

CASE A A 1-day-old male infant with dysmorphic features; Ax, axial; Sag, sagittal. Open full size image CASE B A 4-month-old female infant with microcephaly. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; Sag, sagittal. Open full size image CASE C A 40-year-old man…

Occipital Cephalocele

CASE A A 25-week-old gestational age fetus with cystic enlargement of the kidneys. Ax, axial; U/S, ultrasound. Open full size image CASE B A 19-week-old gestational age fetus with fetal abnormalities. Ax, axial; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; Sag, sagittal; U/S,…