Rostral to the midbrain lies the forebrain (prosencephalon, cerebrum; see Fig. 1.13 ). The forebrain consists of the bilaterally paired diencephalon and cerebral hemisphere on each side and is by far the largest derivative of the three basic embryological divisions…
The cerebellum is the largest part of the hindbrain. It originates from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem and overlies the fourth ventricle. The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by three stout pairs of fibre bundles, called the inferior…
There are 12, bilaterally paired, cranial nerves. These carry afferent and efferent nerve fibres between the brain and peripheral structures, principally of the head and neck. The cranial nerves are individually named and numbered (Roman numerals I–XII) according to the…
The brainstem consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. The archaic term ‘bulb’ is applied to the brainstem in compound anatomical names given to nerve fibres originating from, or terminating in, the brainstem (e.g. ‘corticobulbar’ refers to axons that…
The spinal cord and its associated spinal nerves are of immense functional importance. These structures act to: Receive afferent fibres from sensory receptors of the trunk and limbs Control movements of the trunk and limbs Provide autonomic innervation for most…
Vasculature of the spinal cord You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
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The central nervous system (CNS) is supported and protected by bone and membranous coverings. The brain is located within the cranial cavity of the skull and the spinal cord lies in the vertebral, or spinal, canal within the vertebral column,…
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The peripheral nervous system consists of sensory and motor nerve endings, peripheral nerve trunks, plexuses and ganglia, which link the CNS with other parts of the body. Most of the neurones in the peripheral nervous system are, therefore, either afferent…