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Retinoblastoma
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Orbital Cellulitis
KEY FACTS Terminology Preseptal cellulitis: Infection anterior to orbital septum Postseptal cellulitis: Infection posterior to orbital septum Orbital septum: Periosteal reflection from bony orbit to tarsal plates Imaging Thickening & edema of orbital/periorbital soft tissues Preseptal cellulitis: Limited to anterior…
Acute Rhinosinusitis
KEY FACTS Terminology Acute inflammatory sinonasal process lasting ≤ 4 weeks Related terms: Acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS), viral upper respiratory infection (URI) Imaging Clinical diagnosis; imaging rarely necessary & does not distinguish bacterial from viral NECT: Confirms diagnosis, evaluates when…
Approach to Pediatric Head and Neck
Imaging Modalities Note that the airway, spine, & skull are largely discussed in other sections. Radiography Plain films of the face have limited indications in children. They are often used as a quick screening tool for sinus disease or facial…
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
KEY FACTS Terminology Spondylolysis: Defect/break in pars interarticularis Spondylolisthesis: Spondylolysis + anterior slippage of vertebra in relation to vertebra below Imaging Radiographs (insensitive): Break in neck of “Scotty dog” (pars interarticularis defect on oblique standing views of lumbar spine) Bone…
Chance Fracture
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Craniocervical Junction Injuries
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Transverse Myelitis
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Guillain-Barré Syndrome
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Discitis/Osteomyelitis
KEY FACTS Terminology Bacterial suppurative infection of intervertebral disc & adjacent vertebrae Imaging Disc-centered process: Disc space narrowing & adjacent endplate irregularity in young children Lumbosacral (75%) > thoracic > cervical spine Early: MR imaging most sensitive, specific modality Abnormal…