Radiation therapy has been used as a treatment for cancer for more than 100 years, with its earliest roots dating back to the discovery of x-rays in 1895. Its development in the early 1900s is largely due to the work…
This chapter deals with a variety of non-neoplastic blood-related disorders that have a major influence on imaging of the skeletal system. Disorders of Red Cells In late fetal life and infancy, the entire bone marrow is utilised for red blood…
Chapters 65 and 66 deal with various haematological conditions, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic, that may be manifest on imaging of the skeletal system. The recently updated 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloproliferative neoplasms is extremely complex and includes…
The lymphomas—a complex group of neoplasms derived from lymphoid cell lines—comprise two broad groups: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Lymphoma is the fifth commonest malignancy in developed countries. The overall incidence of NHL rose steadily from the 1960s,…
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the UK with over 55,000 diagnoses annually—almost half of cases (48%) occur in those over the age of 65. It accounts for nearly 11,500 deaths per annum. Imaging is essential for the…
Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the Western world. The worldwide incidence of cancer is continuing to increase both in developed and developing countries, related to factors such as an ageing population, a shift towards a…
Introduction The anatomy of the head and neck is complex. The continued advances in imaging with ever faster imaging times and higher resolution studies have resulted in more anatomical detail revealing itself, especially in the head and neck where identifying…
Introduction The orbit is an often-overlooked anatomical structure but is obviously crucial in vision and therefore orbital pathology can have a debilitating impact on quality of life. The orbit can be affected by specific ocular diseases but is also affected…
Ageing and Dementia—Introduction and Clinical Overview With the rising age of the population, both normal ageing phenomena in the brain and neurodegenerative disorders become more prevalent. While exceptionally the brain may not be affected by age (successful ageing), the more…
Inflammatory-Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System Inflammatory-demyelinating diseases (IDDs) represent a broad spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) disorders that can be differentiated on the basis of severity, clinical course and lesion distribution, as well as imaging, laboratory and…