Open full size image Carotid Intervention The Data When discussing the clinical data for outcomes in carotid artery stenting (CAS), there are several important outcomes to be detailed: periprocedural (30 day) safety, which is composed of death, all stroke, and myocardial…
Open full size image A Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Introduction Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a 50% increase in the diameter of the aorta when compared with a normal segment. The average infrarenal aortic diameters for men and women…
Open full size image Introduction Hypertension is a leading cause of death worldwide, with 13% of all deaths attributed to it in 2004 (World Health Organization, 2009). A prevalence of 29% (1.56 billion) has been predicted for 2025. In the…
Open full size image Introduction Prevalence The prevalence of mesenteric arterial stenoses is much more common than is the clinical manifestation of chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI), likely due to the rich vascular communication among the three mesenteric vessels. CMI is…
Open full size image Introduction A key principle governing renal artery stenting (RAS) is that clinical benefit will result from relieving a significant renal artery stenosis causing renal hypoperfusion. Published meta-analyses suggest that a very high RAS technical success rate…
Open full size image Introduction Atherosclerotic upper extremity obstructive disease is predominantly secondary to subclavian or innominate artery stenosis (SAS or IAS). The diagnosis is usually suspected when a significant (often ≥15 mm Hg) systolic brachial blood pressure discrepancy (SBBP) is detected…
Open full size image Clinical Assessment Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by a number of pathologies affecting the arteries of the lower extremities. The most common cause in industrialized countries is atherosclerosis, but the interventionalist needs to be aware…
Open full size image Introduction Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a tomographic imaging technology first described for use in ophthalmology that has been adapted for real-time intravascular imaging. The resolution of OCT is significantly higher than other currently available intravascular…
Open full size image Background and Limitations of Angiography Contrast angiography has been the gold standard of coronary artery imaging for over six decades. However, it is important to understand that angiograms only delineate the coronary lumen with no direct…
Open full size image Introduction Coronary blood flow and pressure measurements across a stenotic coronary artery provide information on the ischemic potential of a specific lesion at the time of catheterization. Physiologic assessment of coronary artery stenosis by fractional flow…