Introduction Sports medicine physicians treat many problems. One important area is the foot and ankle, with bunions being a common complaint. What do you do when an athlete comes to your office and says “My great toe hurts and has…
Introduction Injuries to the hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint are not uncommon, particularly in the running athlete, and may result in chronic pain and deformity. Causes of hallux injuries range from soft-tissue disruption to overuse and degeneration. Trainers and physicians may…
Metatarsalgia in the athlete can be a debilitating disorder that can lead to loss of function. Forefoot disorders encompass lesser toe abnormalities such as claw toes, hammertoes, mallet toes, and hard and soft corns. More proximally, problems can include intractable…
Introduction In the last decade, minimal invasive management of multiple foot and ankle pathologies has been proposed, seeking to reduce the postoperative complications that occur in patients classically treated with open surgical management. Arthroscopy and endoscopy has emerged as a…
History of the Technique Arthroscopy has revolutionized the practice of orthopedic surgery since the mid-1970s. After a long history of sporadic attempts at arthroscopy, technologic breakthroughs in Japan and several surgical pioneers in North America launched widespread interest in percutaneous…
Introduction Pathology in the subtalar joint can be debilitating, is challenging to diagnose, and can lead to significant lost time for the athlete. In addition to acute bony or cartilage injuries, instability, ligamentous strain, and congenital coalition may all play…
Introduction Fractures of the foot and ankle are a common occurrence in the athletic population. Sometimes fractures may not be obvious on x-rays, and one must be on the lookout for occult fractures. Ankle fractures are approximately 7% of all…
Introduction Epidemiology Despite attempts to reduce the incidence of ankle sprain injuries worldwide, ankle sprains continue to account for a large proportion of sport-related injuries as reported consistently in epidemiological studies. In the US population in general, the incidence of…
Introduction Ankle sprains are common injuries in the athletic population, with an estimated 85% involving the lateral ligament complex. The lateral ligament complex consists of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL), and the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL). Cumulative…
Introduction The majority of sports and fitness activities place extraordinary stresses on the feet. In addition to the potential for musculoskeletal injury, the sport participant’s foot is at risk for a number of dermatologic and infectious conditions that range from…