Dysgerminoma

Introduction

• Description: A dysgerminoma is an ovarian tumor that is made up of germ cells and stroma that appears analogous in structure to the seminomas found in the male testes. Although rare, these tumors are the most common malignant germ cell tumors.

• Prevalence: Rare; 1%–2% of ovarian malignancies; one-third of ovarian germ cell tumors.

• Predominant Age: Older than 30 years (10% in prepubertal girls).

• Genetics: No genetic pattern.

Etiology and Pathogenesis

• Causes: Unknown. May differentiate from primitive germ cells.

• Risk Factors: Pure gonadal dysgenesis 46XY, mixed gonadal dysgenesis 45X/46XY, complete androgen insensitivity (46XY), or those with Turner syndrome (45X, 45X/46XX, or 45X/46XY).

Signs and Symptoms

• Asymptomatic.

• Adnexal mass (bilateral in 5%–10%), lobulated, solid and soft or firm, with a gray-white or cream-colored cut surface, often with rapid growth.

• These tumors may produce either testosterone or estrogens.

Diagnostic Approach