Tag Vedran Deletis

Neurosurgery

Intraoperative Neurophysiology: A Tool to Prevent and/or Document Intraoperative Injury to the Nervous System

Over the past 25 years, intraoperative neurophysiology (ION) has established itself as a clinical discipline that uses neurophysiologic methods—especially developed or modified from existing methods of clinical neurophysiology—to detect and prevent intraoperatively induced neurologic injuries. Recent developments have solidified its…

Schmidek and Sweet: Operative Neurosurgical Techniques
March 6, 2024

Neurosurgery

Conclusion

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Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery
March 6, 2024

Neurosurgery

Deep brain stimulation for treatment patients in vegetative state and minimally conscious state

36.1 Introduction Persistent vegetative state (VS) (PVS) was first described as wakefulness without awareness . VS, a clinical entity known as a coma vigile , apallic syndrome , or PVS , includes complete unawareness of the self and environment, usually…

Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery
March 6, 2024

Neurosurgery

An intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring method for testing functional integrity of the low extremity peripheral nerves during hip surgery

31.1 Introduction Peripheral nerve injury is a serious potential complication in hip procedures, which may result in postoperative permanent sensory and/or motor deficits. The incidence of sciatic nerve palsy after hip surgery ranges from 0.3% to 4% in primary total…

Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery
March 6, 2024

Neurosurgery

Blink reflex

17.1 Introduction The closing of eyelids in response to various stimuli is a blink reflex (BR). In humans and primates this closing of eyelids is bilateral while in other animals, especially those with lateralized position of the eyes, it is…

Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery
March 6, 2024

Neurosurgery

Neurophysiological identification of long sensory and motor tracts within the spinal cord

12.1 Introduction Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of the functional integrity of spinal cord (SC) pathways is crucial to prevent, limit, or document the moment of surgically induced injury . The available methods can be divided into monitoring and mapping techniques .…

Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery
March 6, 2024

Neurosurgery

Brain stem mapping

11.1 Introduction Advanced technology of both surgery and diagnostic imaging opened the door to the brain stem which was once regarded as “no man’s land” . Brain stem mapping (BSM) is now considered a tool in the neurophysiological armamentarium available…

Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery
March 6, 2024

Neurosurgery

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of the sacral nervous system

6.1 Introduction The functions involving the genitourinary and the anorectal systems are uniquely controlled by the complex interaction of the autonomic and the somatic nervous systems. Insofar as it is the sacral parasympathetic and somatic systems that comprise the most…

Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery
March 6, 2024

Neurosurgery

Intraoperative neurophysiology and methodologies used to monitor the functional integrity of the motor system

2.1 Intraoperative monitoring of the motor system: a brief history 2.1.1 Penfield’s time When discussing the use of intraoperative electrical stimulation of the upper motoneurons in humans, it is essential to mention Wilder Penfield (1891–1976). His publication with Edwin Boldrey…

Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery
March 6, 2024