Shamsuddin Akhtar MBBS Archives

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Key Points 1. The electrocardiogram reflects differences in transmembrane voltages in myocardial cells that occur during depolarization and repolarization within each cycle. 2. Processing of the electrocardiogram occurs in a series of steps. 3. Where and how electrocardiographic (ECG) electrodes…

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Key points ▪ Anesthetic management of endocrine surgical patients should consider not only the organ of interest but also the end-organ consequences of the endocrine dysfunction and possible rare syndromes. ▪ Severe symptomatic hypercalcemia (especially > 14 mg/dL) constitutes a…

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Electrocardiographic Monitoring

Diseases of the Endocrine System