Introduction Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the geriatric age group. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the standard of care and is superior to conventional surgery. The indication for TAVI has extended from prohibitive…
Key Points Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease process that varies broadly in its clinical presentation and has been associated with many different genetic mutations. Obstructive disease is present in a subset of patients, where the severity of obstruction varies depending…
Key Points Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a significant problem, and the number of patients with MR is growing together with increased numbers of patients with congestive heart failure. Various percutaneous approaches to mitral valve repair are under preclinical and clinical…
Key Points Structural heart disease interventions rely on multimodality imaging, including fluoroscopy and echocardiography (intracardiac, transthoracic, or transesophageal) during the procedure, and computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance for procedural planning. These modalities are complimentary. During the procedure, fluoroscopy allows…
Paravalvular leak (PVL) complicating mechanical or bioprosthetic surgical valve replacement is an uncommon but occasional occurrence. Various series have demonstrated an incidence of 2% to 12% after mitral valve replacement (MVR) and 1% to 5% after aortic valve replacement (AVR).…
Open full size image Patent Foramen Ovale Introduction A potential causal relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and stroke was first described by Cohnheim in 1877. In the last two decades several studies have investigated the role of PFO in…
Open full size image Introduction Over the past few decades, major technological improvements in Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (CCL) equipment have enabled acquisition of images with better quality at a potentially lower radiation dose. Concurrently, the number and complexity of angiographic…