Chronic Respiratory Failure and Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation Denise M. Goodman Steven O. Lestrud Epidemiology There are continual improvements in invasive (ventilation through a tracheostomy) and noninvasive (mask ventilation) devices and management to care for those conditions predisposing to the need for chronic…
Pulmonary Embolus and Infarction Mary A. Nevin Keywords pulmonary hemorrhage pulmonary embolism deep venous thrombosis air embolism thrombophilia partial thromboplastin time hemosiderin bronchoalveolar lavage acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage of infancy (AIPHI) Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) has become an increasingly recognized critical…
See also Chapter 427 . Inherited Disorders of Surfactant Metabolism Jennifer A. Wambach Lawrence M. Nogee F. Sessions Cole Aaron Hamvas Pulmonary surfactant is a mixture of phospholipids and proteins synthesized, packaged, and secreted by alveolar type II pneumocytes (AEC2s) that line the distal…
Hypersensitivity Pneumonia Kevin J. Kelly Michelle L. Hernandez Keywords hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP) extrinsic allergic alveolitis acute HP recurrent subacute HP chronic progressive HP pet birds thermophilic organisms Hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP), aptly called extrinsic allergic alveolitis because the inciting agent is almost uniformly…
Pulmonary Agenesis and Aplasia Joshua A. Blatter Jonathan D. Finder Etiology and Pathology Pulmonary agenesis differs from hypoplasia in that agenesis entails the complete absence of a lung. Agenesis differs from aplasia by the absence of a bronchial stump or carina that…
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Steven R. Boas Keywords Bronchiolitis obliterans Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia Epidemiology Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a histopathologic diagnosis characterized by chronic obstructive lung disease of the bronchioles and smaller airways, resulting from an…
Wheezing in Infants: Bronchiolitis Samantha A. House Shawn L. Ralston Keywords Bronchiolitis Wheezing Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) General Pathophysiology of Wheezing in Infants Wheezing, the production of a musical continuous sound that originates in narrowed airways, is heard on expiration as a…
Neonatal Cholestasis H. Hesham Abdel-Kader Hassan William F. Balistreri Neonatal cholestasis is defined biochemically as prolonged elevation of the serum levels of conjugated bilirubin beyond the first 14 days of life. Jaundice that appears after 2 wk of age, continues to progress, or…
Acute Pancreatitis Steven L. Werlin Michael Wilschanski Keywords Acute pancreatitis acute pancreatitis etiology acute pancreatitis diagnosis drug-induced pancreatitis (serum) amylase (serum) lipase Acute pancreatitis (AP), the most common pancreatic disorder in children, is increasing in incidence, and 50 or more cases are…
Anorectal Malformations Christina M. Shanti Keywords Imperforate anus Perineal fistula Fourchette fistula Rectovaginal fistula Cloaca Rectourethral fistula Caudal regression Anal stenosis Anterior ectopic anus Rectal atresia Currarino triad Tethered Cord PSARP: Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty Fecal continence ACE Antegrade continence enema MACE…