Foreign Bodies in the Stomach and Intestine Asim Maqbool Chris A. Liacouras Once in the stomach, 95% of all ingested objects pass without difficulty through the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract. Perforation after ingestion of a foreign body is estimated to be…
Ileus Asim Maqbool Chris A Liacouras Ileus is the failure of intestinal peristalsis caused by loss of coordinated gut motility without evidence of mechanical obstruction. In children, it is most often associated with abdominal surgery or infection (gastroenteritis, pneumonia, peritonitis). Ileus also…
Chronic Intestinal Pseudoobstruction Asim Maqbool Kristin N. Fiorino Chris A. Liacouras Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIPO) comprises a group of primary and secondary disorders characterized as a motility disorder with the dominant defect of impaired peristalsis; symptoms are consistent with intestinal obstruction in the…
Intestinal Duplication Asim Maqbool Chris A. Liacouras Duplications of the intestinal tract are rare anomalies that consist of well-formed tubular or spherical structures firmly attached to the intestine with a common blood supply. The lining of the duplications resembles that of the…
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Asim Maqbool Chris A. Liacouras Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis occurs in 1-3/1,000 infants in the United States. It is more common in whites of northern European ancestry, less common in blacks, and rare in Asians. Males (especially firstborns) are affected…
Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus Seema Khan The majority (80%) of accidental foreign-body ingestions occur in children, most of whom are 5 yr of age or younger. Older children and adolescents with developmental delays and those with psychiatric disorders are also at…
Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula Seema Khan Sravan Kumar Reddy Matta Keywords VACTERL polyhydramnios Esophageal atresia (EA) is the most common congenital anomaly of the esophagus, with a prevalence of 1.7 per 10,000 live births. Of these, >90% have an associated tracheoesophageal…
Giardia duodenalis Chandy C. John Giardia duodenalis is a flagellated protozoan that infects the duodenum and jejunum. Infection results in clinical manifestations that range from asymptomatic colonization to acute or chronic diarrhea and malabsorption. Infection is more prevalent in children than…
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Thomas S. Murray Robert S. Baltimore Keywords bacteremia biofilm burn wound sepsis conjunctivitis cystic fibrosis ecthyma gangrenosum immunosuppressed neutropenia urinary tract infection ventilator-associated pneumonia Etiology Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative rod and is a strict aerobe. It can multiply in…
Evaluation of the Complement System Richard B. Johnston Keywords hereditary angioedema total hemolytic complement activity CH 50 alternative pathway activity AP 50 Testing for total hemolytic complement activity (CH 50 ) effectively screens for most of the common diseases of the…