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Acknowledgments This work is supported in part by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional; DTS16/00160; PI14/00857, PI16/01123; PI17/01059; PI17/01106); the Agencia Estatal de Investigación RYC2018-024346-I, Generalitat Valenciana grants (APOSTD/2017 and APOSTD/2018) and projects (GVA/2018/267);…

Key Points Mapping Localized atrial fibrillation (AF) drivers commonly exist in spatially defined regions that may fluctuate over time but in the similar defined region. Similar AF drivers have been mapped in optical maps of human AF and by other…