Definition Pathological changes observed in the kidney as the result of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), intrarenal reflux, and repeated UTIs; also termed reflux nephropathy Clinical features Epidemiology VUR occurs in approximately 1% of children and is found in 30%–50% of children…
Definition This category contains very poorly differentiated tumors with mixed morphologies (such as small cell undifferentiated carcinoma), giant cell carcinoma, and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. Clinical features Epidemiology Rare tumors with limited available information Occurs most commonly in older males…
Definition Neuroendocrine cells of the prostate are intraepithelial regulatory cells that regulate both growth and differentiation, as well as the exocrine secretory activity of the prostate (part of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation [APUD] system of endocrine-paracrine cells). These…