Key Points Labor results in significant pain for many women that is individualized, dynamic, and unpredictable. Although the effects of obstetric analgesia and anesthesia on the fetus and neonate are typically benign, there is potential for adverse neonatal effects. During…
Risk Incidence in USA: 1.7–10:10,000 live births. 70,000–100,000 individuals with myelomeningocele living in USA. Central Asian and Latin American countries have the highest incidence. Risk of myelomeningocele is 20 times higher in subsequent pregnancies. Reduced dietary folic acid, as well…
Physiology Hormone activity, increased metabolic demands, the gravid uterus, and biochemical changes related to the fetoplacental unit result in significant alterations in maternal physiology, anatomy, and pharmacology during pregnancy, as shown in Fig. 37.1 . These physiologic changes have a…
# Providing peripartum analgesia and anesthesia requires an understanding of the physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy and labor and the effects of anesthetic care on the mother, fetus, and neonate. It also demands an understanding of the course of…
Key Points ▪ Most fetal anomalies are not appropriate for in utero treatment. A condition appropriate for fetal treatment should cause ongoing irreversible harm to the fetus that is mitigable by early treatment before the fetus can tolerate ex utero…