Introduction The concept of using neuromodulation for treatment of chronic axial pain (back and neck) is not new—as a matter of fact, chronic back pain was one of the earliest indications for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) when this modality was…
Introduction Facial pain is a common condition that affects approximately 10%–25% of the worldwide adult population ( ). It is a serious health problem, and significantly affects the daily functioning of patients. The main types of facial pain are trigeminal…
Introduction Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been accepted as a therapeutic modality for chronic complex pain conditions of the lumbar and cervical spine ( ). Although conventional SCS has been successful for the treatment of radicular pain, either upper extremity…
Introduction Medical fields, as in other fields of scientific or intellectual endeavor, are advanced from an idea of necessity to reality only after those early adherents to the idea form associations to bring commonality of purpose to their association. As…
Disclosures Dr. Pilitsis is a consultant for Boston Scientific, Nevro, TerSera, and Abbott and receives grant support from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott, Nevro, TerSera, NIH 2R01CA166379-06 and NIH U44NS115111. She is medical advisor for Aim Medical Robotics and Karuna and…
Introduction One of the less commonly discussed areas of neuromodulation, peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is nonetheless probably its fastest growing direction, at least in the field of pain treatment. The approach, which is still considered novel and experimental by many,…
Introduction Primary headache disorders are classified mainly as migraine, tension-type headaches, and the trigeminal autonomic cephalgias, which include cluster headaches. “Primary” refers to a lack of clear underlying causative pathology, trauma, or systemic disease. Secondary headaches are usually associated with…