Physiological monitoring is the cornerstone of critical care; it allows for identifying hemodynamic instability and assessing response to therapy. Utility of most hemodynamic monitoring remains unproven and rather serves as a trigger for detection of cardiorespiratory instability. Some have argued…
Introduction Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and most common cause of disability worldwide. About 30% of stroke survivors are permanently disabled, and 20% require institutionalized care. In 2002, the cost of stroke was estimated at $49.4 billion…
Introduction Age constitutes one of the most important nonmodifiable risk factors for cerebral infarction. About 15% of all the ischemic strokes occur in young adults. Since stroke predominately affects the elderly, most of the data gathered in pivotal clinical trials…
Etiology and Physiopathology Dissection is a focal arteriopathy caused by a hematoma inside the arterial wall. It occurs most commonly in the extracranial and most mobile segments of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. The specific vulnerability of this particular…