The first report on a toe-to-hand transfer ever done to a human goes back in time to the 19th century when Nicoladoni described staged, pedicled toe-to-hand transfer over a 4-week period. Davis was the first to combine staged transfer with…
Synopsis ■ Microsurgical toe-to-hand transplantation allows “like-with-like” reconstruction, achieving the best functional and aesthetic results. ■ Preservation of neurovascular bundles, flexor and extensor tendons, mobile joints, and viable skin with minimal bone shortening in the amputation stump ensures optimal functional…
Synopsis ■ Microsurgery and supermicrosurgery refers to the surgical coaptation of small vessels, usually around 1 mm in diameter or smaller, under microscope magnification. Microsurgery is a broad term not only limited to blood vessels but also refers to coaptation…
Introduction Scalp comprises the forehead and the hair-bearing regions. It extends from the supraorbital ridge anteriorly to the highest nuchal line posteriorly, while ears and zygomatic arches define its lateral borders. In surgical practice, the scalp refers to the hair-bearing…
Introduction The oral tongue and mandible act as an inseparable functional unit of the lower face. Embryologically, tongue, mandible, and muscles of mastication share a common origin from the first branchial arch (BR). There is an interdependent developmental relationship between…
Introduction Reconstructive surgery has, as its premise, the principle of restoring form and function utilizing surrounding or distant tissues while minimizing morbidity at the donor site. While muscle flaps remain a viable option for reconstructive surgery, their use has become…
Figure 59.1 (Left) Anterolateral thigh flap; (Right) Anteromedial thigh flap. Open full size image Introduction In 1984, Song and colleagues introduced the anterolateral thigh flap based on septocutaneous branches of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Since…
Figure 52.1 Fibula flap. Open full size image Introduction With an outstanding length available for harvest, a solid and sizable bone stock, a reliable blood supply, an allowance for manipulation of the components of the flap while maintaining adequate blood…
Figure 43.1 Groin flap and superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap. Open full size image Introduction The groin flap, nourished by the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA), is historically important because it was the first successful free flap. With its…