The craniofacial structures have the formidable task of protecting the brain, the soft tissues that form the upper aerodigestive tracts, and the tissues vital to the special senses of vision, smell, taste, and hearing. Injury to the craniofacial region may…
I. THE SPINAL CORD The spinal cord is the segment of the central nervous system that lies within the spinal canal caudal to the foramen magnum ( Figs. 5-1 to 5-3 ). The top of the spinal cord is taken…
The spinal column consists of multiple segmented osseous vertebrae, the intervertebral discs interposed between these segments, and the ligaments and joints that bind the segments together. The spine has 32 to 35 vertebral segments, traditionally considered as 7 cervical, 12…