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Autoantibodies directed against intracellular targets are characteristic features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). Studies have provided strong evidence that autoantibodies are produced by antigen-driven responses, revealing the identity of antigens involved in breaking…
Key Points Many types of autoantibodies to intracellular antigens are present in the various systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Currently it is considered important not only to detect the presence and quantity of the intracellular autoantibody in the patient but also…