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Chapter Summary The normal aging process of the female genitalia is modulated by a variety of influences, including heredity, childbirth, environment, culture, diet, exercise, past illnesses, and others. Hyaluronic acid-based dermal fillers are being used as a treatment for volume…
Chapter Summary Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum , a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium. It blocks acetylcholine release after binding to the presynaptic cholinergic receptors, thus preventing muscular contraction of the affected muscles. BoNT type A (BoNT-A)…