Tag Doris Hexsel MD

Botulinum Toxins

Chapter Summary Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum , a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium. It blocks acetylcholine release after binding to the presynaptic cholinergic receptors, thus preventing muscular contraction of the affected muscles. BoNT type A (BoNT-A)…