The emergence of high-throughput omics technologies in the mid-1990s heralded the emergence of a new paradigm of personalized medicine. Researchers could now study dynamic biological systems, including cancers, in novel and comprehensive ways. Collaborations arose among basic scientists, clinical researchers,…
Introduction This chapter is divided into three main sections. The first two include discussion of well-known prognostic/predictive markers—namely, steroid hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone) and one of the most well-studied oncogenes in breast cancer, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2…
The subspecialty of breast pathology has grown in complexity as the needs of the end users of our reports have increased in complexity. More sensitive imaging techniques have allowed for identification of clinically and often grossly nonapparent lesions. New surgical…
Despite the long-standing worldwide attention given to the fight against breast cancer, this disease remains a serious illness that affects the physical and emotional well-being of many individuals around the world. As a global public health problem, breast cancer is…
Breast infection is uncommon in the United States, yet it still occurs, even in neonates. It usually affects women between 18 and 50 years of age. Breast infections in adults can be divided into two basic types: lactational and nonlactational…
Benign, reactive, and inflammatory tumorous conditions of the breast are the most common reasons patients undergo breast biopsies. Benign conditions account for the majority of breast biopsies, and reactive or inflammatory conditions comprise the majority of pathological findings in this…