Acknowledgment The authors thank Dr. Sara Monaco, who was a co-author of this chapter in the previous edition. Immunocytology, or immunocytochemistry (ICC), involves the use of ICC in diagnostic cytopathology. The application of immunostains in cytology cases has expanded and…
Introduction Perhaps the most frequent use of diagnostic immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the surgical pathology laboratory pertains to breast biopsies by virtue of the volume and sheer difficulty of cases. In addition to utilizing IHC for diagnostic problems with breast biopsies,…
The impact of diagnostic immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the surgical pathologist is legendary, and it is best appreciated when studying malignancies of unknown primary site. A cost-effective tool, IHC is performed in most hospital laboratories, is often automated, and provides for…
Overview Immunohistochemistry (IHC), or immunocytochemistry (ICC), is a laboratory technique used to detect specific antigens (i.e., proteins) in tissues or cells based on antigen-antibody recognition; it seeks to exploit the specificity provided by the binding of an antibody with its…
Introduction Immunocytology or immunocytochemistry (ICC) involves the application of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in aspiration and exfoliative cytopathology. These immunostains have improved the ability to confidently make specific and accurate diagnoses in cytopathology, and have largely replaced the use of special stains.…
Introduction The most common metastatic tumors in the breast are from contralateral breast primaries, but these are excluded in most series and are not discussed here. Breast metastases from extramammary malignant neoplasms are uncommon and account for up to 3%…
Introduction The male breast is different in many respects from the female breast, in terms of both composition and pathology. Malignant conditions may occur, albeit far less commonly than seen in females, with advanced molecular studies suggesting that these conditions…
Introduction This chapter details a group of breast carcinomas that occur rarely and have unique clinical and pathological features. The study of these unusual variants of carcinoma contributes to the knowledge of the pathogenesis of breast carcinomas. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma…
Introduction Administration of chemotherapy or endocrine therapy before definitive surgery (neoadjuvant systemic therapy [NST]) is a standard treatment for inflammatory and inoperable locally advanced breast cancer. With advances in breast imaging and improvements in tumor characterization and staging, patients who…
Metaplastic breast carcinomas are a heterogeneous group that can display adenocarcinoma, squamous, spindle cell, and/or heterologous mesenchymal growth patterns, often in various combinations. These combinations have suggested monikers such as matrix-producing carcinoma , carcinosarcoma , spindle cell carcinoma , and…