Questions 1. The most likely diagnosis in the asymptomatic young patient shown in Fig. 10.1 , A-C is: a. Bronchogenic cyst. b. Leiomyoma of the esophagus. c. Carcinoma of the esophagus. d. Lymphoma. e. Neurenteric cyst. 2. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis for the case illustrated in Fig. 10.2 , A-C ? a. Lymphoma. b. Metastases. c. Primary tuberculosis. d. Sarcoidosis.…
Questions 1. Which one of the following diagnoses is most likely in a middle-aged adult with the chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scan shown in Fig. 9.1, A-C ? a. Goiter. b. Thymoma. c. Germ cell tumor. d. Cystic hygroma. e. Pericardial cyst. 2. Which one of the following tumors is most likely to spread contiguously and is unlikely to metastasize to distant sites? a.…
Questions 1. What is the most likely cause of the mediastinal widening in this patient ( Fig 8.1, A and B )? a. Lipomatosis. b. Hematoma. c. Adenopathy. d. Mediastinitis. e. Thymoma. 2. Which one of the following statements regarding aortic trauma is true? a. The mediastinal width is at least 8 cm. b. Mediastinal hematoma is specific for aortic injury. c. Ascending aorta is the…
Questions 1. Regarding the case shown in Fig. 7.1, A and B , which one of the following statements is incorrect? a. The right lung is overinflated. b. There is herniation of the right lung in front of the ascending aorta. c. Left pleural effusion is compressing the left lung. d. An endobronchial mass or mucous plug should be considered. e. The most significant abnormality may…
Questions 1. Which one the following diagnoses is most likely in the case illustrated in Fig. 6.1 ? a. Hepatomegaly. b. Interposition of the colon. c. Right upper lobe atelectasis. d. Phrenic nerve paralysis. e. Right upper lobe pneumonia. 2. Which of the following is least likely to be associated with pleural effusion? a. Primary lung tumor. b. Interposition of colon. c. Subphrenic abscess. d. Echinococcal…
Questions 1. What is the most likely diagnosis for the case illustrated in Fig. 5.1 ? a. Mesothelioma. b. Metastases. c. Empyema. d. Lung cancer. e. Lymphoma. 2. The large calcification in Fig. 5.2 is most probably caused by: a. Tuberculosis. b. Asbestosis. c. Mesothelioma. d. Empyema. e. Talcosis. 3. Which one of the following interstitial lung diseases is most likely to have associated plaques of…
Questions 1. The most likely diagnosis in the case illustrated in Fig. 4.1 is: a. Necrotizing pneumonia with empyema. b. Tuberculosis. c. Lung cancer. d. Mesothelioma. e. Metastases. 2. The most likely diagnosis in the case illustrated in Fig. 4.2, A and B, is: a. Right lower-lobe pneumonia. b. Pulmonary embolism. c. Subphrenic abscess. d. Lymphoma. e. Diaphragmatic hernia. Discussion Pleural effusions may produce blunting of…
Questions 1. Referring to Fig. 3.1, A-C , which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? a. Metastatic melanoma. b. Metastatic breast carcinoma. c. Invasive thymoma. d. Mesothelioma. e. Metastatic ovarian carcinoma. 2. Referring to Fig. 3.2, A and B , the most likely diagnosis for this case is: a. Rounded atelectasis. b. Localized fibrous tumor of the pleura. c. Multiple myeloma. d. Infarct. e.…
Questions 1. The most likely diagnosis in the afebrile patient in Fig. 2.1 is: a. Neurofibroma. b. Lipoma. c. Multiple myeloma. d. Osteosarcoma. e. Chondrosarcoma. 2. The most likely diagnosis in Fig. 2.2 is: a. Ewing sarcoma. b. Osteosarcoma. c. Chondrosarcoma. d. Metastatic lung cancer. e. Plasmacytoma. Mark the following questions True or False: 3. _____ Chest wall lesions may sometimes be distinguished from pulmonary nodules…
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Eyes do not see what the mind does not know (Anonymous). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been increasingly incorporated into clinical practice as a noninvasive method that offers superior structural and functional assessment of the heart, especially in patients presenting with complex cardiac pathology, congenital cardiac diseases and cardiomyopathies. Because CMR is a cross-sectional modality, it provides complementary information on noncardiac structures adjacent to the heart,…
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For decades, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been clinically established imaging modalities in cardiovascular medicine. For several years, a new multimodality imaging system, PET/magnetic resonance (MR), using sequential or even integrated scanner platforms has been available. This hybrid imaging technique is gradually being implemented into the clinical setting for cardiac imaging. Because of its unique capabilities, CMR has become a…
Explosive growth in medical imaging technology during the past few decades has provided physicians with an unparalleled ability to diagnose abnormalities of the cardiovascular system. However, in some cases, scientific enthusiasm and economic forces have helped diffuse new technologies widely without careful assessment of their costs and benefits to patient care. This growth in available imaging technologies has contributed to the continuous increase in health care…
The last two and a half decades have seen phenomenal advances made in the field of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and these advances have supported research into interventional applications using CMR. Conventional x-ray fluoroscopically guided cardiac catheterization and interventions are associated with the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation for both patients and staff. This is particularly relevant in younger patients, who are often required to…
An ideal imaging guidance system for cardiovascular, catheter-based interventional procedures would offer real-time, high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) imaging of important anatomic tissues and chambers, irrespective of respiratory, cardiac, or patient motion alongside excellent visualization of catheters, guidewires, and other interventional devices. Such tools would quickly enable novel, minimally invasive alternatives to open surgical procedures. X-ray fluoroscopy guides most contemporary catheter-based procedures. However, fluoroscopy has important limitations (…
The pericardium is an important structure in the evaluation of patients with cardiovascular disease. Understanding pericardial anatomy and the complex hemodynamics associated with pericardial pathology is critical in assessing the pericardium and its impact on cardiovascular function. Unfortunately, clinical evaluation through history and physical examination, clinical laboratory tests, and electrocardiograms (ECG) may be nonspecific and overlap with other clinical syndromes in patients with pericardial disease. Advanced…
Pathologies involving the pulmonary arterial system include pulmonary embolus (PE), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), congenital anomalies, and pulmonary artery tumors. These diseases present a unique clinical diagnostic challenge often requiring multiple diagnostic examinations spanning the entire radiologic armamentarium. Initially, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) played only a minor role in evaluation of the pulmonary arterial system. However, with the advent of improved, high-performance gradients and bolus gadolinium,…