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Bochdalek Hernia

KEY FACTS Terminology Type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia resulting in protrusion of abdominal contents through defect in posterolateral portion of diaphragm You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Lumbar Hernia

KEY FACTS Terminology Lumbar hernia: Protrusion of abdominal contents through defect in lumbar region Can occur in either superior lumbar triangle of Grynfeltt-Lesshaft or inferior lumbar triangle of Petit – Superior lumbar triangle of Grynfeltt-Lesshaft defined by 12th rib superiorly, superior border of internal oblique inferiorly, and erector spinae medially – Inferior lumbar triangle of Petit defined by latissimus dorsi muscle medially, iliac crest inferiorly, and free…

Spigelian Hernia

KEY FACTS Terminology Hernia through defect in aponeurosis of internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Umbilical Hernia

KEY FACTS Terminology Protrusion of abdominal contents (omental fat ± bowel) into or through anterior abdominal wall via umbilical ring You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Abdominal Wall, Mesentery, and Peritoneal Cavity: Imaging Approach and Differential Diagnosis

Embryology and Relevant Anatomy The fetal gut is suspended between the anterior and posterior abdominal walls by the ventral and dorsal mesenteries, which separate to enclose the developing alimentary tube. Important viscera develop within the mesentery of the caudal part of the foregut, such as the liver, pancreas, spleen, and biliary tree. The various mesenteries either regress or elongate. The dorsal mesentery lengthens with the progressive elongation…

Neuroendocrine Tumors

KEY FACTS Terminology Terms such as carcinoid and islet cell tumor are decreasing in use, in favor of well-differentiated (low-grade) or poorly differentiated (high-grade) NETs GI tract: Most common primary site (74%), followed by bronchopulmonary (24%) Small bowel most common (~ 60%); ileum in majority Pancreas: < 1% of all NETs Imaging Patients with known or suspected NET require multimodality imaging approach, combining anatomic (morphologic) and…

Barotrauma

KEY FACTS Terminology Alveolar rupture caused by elevated transalveolar pressure during mechanical ventilation Imaging CT is the definitive test for presence & source of extraluminal gas Pleural spaces, mediastinum, subcutaneous, intra- and retroperitoneal, bowel wall Radiographic findings Pneumothorax – Radiolucent gas between visceral and parietal pleura – Inferiorly displaced costophrenic angle on supine films (deep sulcus sign) Pneumomediastinum – Radiolucent streaks outlining heart and trachea Pneumoperitoneum…

Foreign Bodies

KEY FACTS Imaging Ingested foreign bodies Commonly affect children, developmentally challenged or psychiatric patients, and inebriated adults Most ingested foreign bodies traverse GI tract without problem: < 1% cause obstruction or perforation – Elongated or sharp objects may impact at point of intestinal narrowing or sharp angulation Foreign bodies vary in radiopacity and conspicuity on radiography vs. CT For most nonsharp foreign bodies, begin with visual inspection…