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Developmental Dysplasia of Hip

KEY FACTS Terminology Definition: Spectrum of progressive hip abnormalities developing during infancy, including dysplastic acetabulum & femoral head malpositioning Imaging Ultrasound is modality of choice for infants 0-4 months old Radiographs necessary after 4-5 months Proximal femoral epiphysis & acetabulum ossify, blocking ultrasound beam & limiting evaluation CT/MR used in limited circumstances Immediately after operative reduction Evaluation of long-term complications Clinical Issues Palpable click/clunk upon stress…

Soft Tissue Abscess

KEY FACTS Terminology Abscess: Walled-off liquefied collection of necrotic tissue, inflammatory cells, & bacteria Imaging Most commonly affects single site: Typical lymph node location vs. other subcutaneous or intramuscular focus Septic emboli can cause multifocal collections Ultrasound: Excellent for detecting superficial collections & defining drainability Thick-walled centrally avascular collection with surrounding edema ± hyperemia Swirling internal debris upon compression MR: Clearly defines deep extent, evaluates adjacent bone/cartilage/joint, & helps…

Osteomyelitis

KEY FACTS Imaging Long bone metaphyses 70% (femur > tibia > humerus), short bones 6%, pelvis 5%, spine 2% Metaphysis or equivalent > epiphysis, diaphysis Multifocal in 10% overall but 22% in neonates Absence of radiographic bone findings does not exclude early osteomyelitis Earliest finding: Soft tissue swelling next to bone Bone destruction, periosteal reaction by 7-14 days MR: Best advanced imaging choice if diagnosis unclear…