Acute mesenteric ischemia and intestinal gangrene can result from arterial embolization, arterial or venous thrombosis, or nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI). NOMI is a condition characterized by primary splanchnic vasoconstriction of a patent arterial tree and is commonly associated with low…
Celiac artery compression syndrome was first described in the 1960s. It is a consequence of extrinsic compression by the median arcuate ligament of the celiac artery and surrounding neural tissues ( Figure 1 ). Several synonyms have been applied to…
Clinical Presentation Splanchnic arterial occlusive disease in children is a very uncommon pathologic entity and a rare cause of intestinal ischemic symptoms. This disease is usually recognized as an incidental finding during studies of hypertensive children having abdominal aortic coarctations…
Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) is a relatively rare, potentially lethal, and often misdiagnosed condition caused by fixed stenosis or occlusion of the proximal splanchnic arteries. It is estimated to account for less than 1 in 100,000 hospital admissions in the…
Management of chronic mesenteric ischemia remains a challenge because of the relative infrequency of this disease and the technical requirements of a successful mesenteric revascularization. The increase in endovascular treatment of visceral occlusive disease has also reduced the number of…
Chronic mesenteric ischemia is caused most often by ostial atherosclerotic disease. The typical patient is female, with median age of 65 years old. Most studies quote a 3:1 or 4:1 female-to-male ratio, with age ranging from 40 to 90 years…
Embolism and thrombosis of the mesenteric arteries, mesenteric venous thrombosis, and nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia are the four major causes of acute intestinal ischemia. Mortality rates for patients with acute mesenteric arterial occlusion range between 50% and 90%, and the presence…
Duplex scanning of the mesenteric vessels is performed to determine the presence, location, extent, and severity of stenosis, aneurysm, or other disease of the mesenteric arteries. It includes assessment of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), the celiac artery (CA), and…
Splanchnic artery occlusive disease can involve the origin, branches, or distal arteries of the splanchnic arteries, depending on the underlying pathologic process. The newer imaging modalities (including ultrasound, computed tomography [CT], and magnetic resonance angiography [MRA]) provide much of the…
Pediatric injuries and accidents are the most common causes of childhood death, and nonfatal injuries are innumerable in this age group. Conversely, iatrogenic trauma accounts for an extremely small subset of injuries occurring in childhood. These particular injuries are not…