General Principles Physiology of Cold Exposure Mechanisms of Heat Loss Radiation Radiation involves the direct emission or absorption of heat energy from the body (mostly infrared radiation). Radiation is the largest source of heat loss from the body. Clothed, sedentary…
Heat Production Exercise: The Body’s Furnace Caused by the Inefficiency of Work The body utilizes energy in the form of energy-rich chemical compounds to maintain normal function ( Fig. 21.1 ) and is inefficient; most reactions produce heat. Resting Heat…
General Principles The term flexibility is often used as a synonym for range of motion (ROM) around a joint. Both muscles and ligaments can limit ROM. Mobility refers to a limited ROM because of ligaments; flexibility is usually reserved to…
General Principles Resistance training is the most potent form of exercise to strengthen tissues and help prevent injury and improve sports performance. Appropriately prescribed and implemented resistance training programs are necessary to achieve these goals. The size principle of motor…
Introduction In the early days of sporting events, coaches and athletes learned through trial and error that they could not simultaneously develop maximal endurance and maximal power. They found that by first establishing an aerobic endurance base and later adding…
Exercise Physiology Science of processes and mechanisms of skeletal muscle contraction and the corresponding interaction of other body systems that facilitate and respond to skeletal muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle contraction that exceeds physiologic limits, is inappropriate in duration or intensity,…
Introduction Wilderness sports differ from traditional sports in several ways. Participation levels of athletes may vary: professional, sponsored, and paid athletes; athletic individuals and adventurers; and intermittent recreational participants. The setting of wilderness sports is often austere, remote, and not…
General Considerations ( Box 15.1 ) Availability Being a team physician requires a tremendous time commitment. BOX 15.1 The Five A’S of Being an Excellent Team Physician Availability Ability Affability Advocacy Affiliation Must have a sincere desire to care for…
General Considerations Definitions Physically challenged, physically disabled, and “disabled” athletes are terms often used to collectively refer to all groups of athletes competing in international competitions such as Paralympics and have an impairment that limits their ability to participate in…
General Considerations Demographics It is widely accepted that the average life expectancy continues to increase; as it does, the proportion of older adults in the population also increases. In Western industrialized countries, the average life expectancy increased from 47 years…