Summary of Key Points Ultrasound can be used to diagnose or exclude splenic abnormalities, but computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging may be needed in indeterminate cases. There is no single upper limit of normal for spleen size, since size…
Summary of Key Points The liver is an ideal organ for sonographic evaluation based on its large size, homogeneous parenchyma, and location high in the abdomen with access provided from both a subcostal and an intercostal approach. Standard ultrasound with…
Summary of Key Points After more than 20 years of development and a somewhat hesitant start, microbubbles have finally come of age as a contrast agent for ultrasound. The principal requirements for an ultrasound contrast agent are that it should…
Summary of Key Points Clinical ultrasound has been found to be an effective imaging modality with an excellent safety profile when used appropriately. Ultrasound can produce physical effects, which should be understood as part of the benefit-versus-risk assessment as with…
Summary of Key Points Quality imaging requires an understanding of basic acoustic principles. Image interpretation requires recognition and understanding of common artifacts. Special modes of operation, including harmonic imaging, compounding, elastography, and Doppler, expand the capabilities of conventional gray-scale imaging.…
Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings Fibrous tissue around the interdigital nerve may result from friction from wearing high heels, abnormal loading, etc. The patient has stabbing or aching pain and a tender area at the interdigital space on pressure (Tinel…
Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings Plantar fasciitis is characterized by inflammation and microtearing of the calcaneal insertion of the plantar fascia; the condition is related to arthritis, weight bearing for long periods, improper shoes and excessive physical activity. Presentation includes…
Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings Reasons for the injection include inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis. The patient has functionally limiting midfoot/forefoot pain. Ultrasound findings are hypoechoic fluid and/or synovial proliferation with or without neovascularity bulging out of the joint. You’re Reading…
Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings Reasons for the injection include inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis. The patient has functionally limiting forefoot pain. Ultrasound findings are hypoechoic fluid and/or synovial proliferation with or without neovascularity bulging out of the joint. You’re Reading…
Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings The causes of sinus tarsi syndrome are not well defined. The condition is associated with oedema and swelling in the space between the calcaneus and talus. Some consider the cause to be cruciate and interosseous…