Recognizing the difference between normal anatomy and what is abnormal is critical to your ability to make a correct diagnosis. This chapter begins your exploration into the realm of the abnormal, starting with recognizing patterns of parenchymal lung disease. Case…
Starting with conventional radiography, we’ll begin with an assessment of heart size, then describe the normal and abnormal contours of the heart on the frontal radiograph and, finally, discuss the normal anatomy of the heart as seen on computed tomography…
In this chapter, you’ll learn how to evaluate the normal anatomy ( Fig. 2.1 ) and the technical adequacy ( Fig. 2.2 ) of the lungs on conventional radiography as well as on computed tomography. To become more proficient interpreting images of…
This chapter will briefly introduce you to the major imaging modalities: conventional radiography, computed tomography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and the use of fluoroscopy. Nuclear medicine has its own online chapter (see e-Appendix A ). In every chapter of this…
ULTRASOUND ANATOMY TECHNIQUE: HEAD Protocol 1 Coronal (15L probe) a Assess extra-axial space and cortex b Assess germinal matrix Anatomic Structures MF – Middle frontal gyrus SFS – Superior frontal sulcus SF – Superior frontal gyrus Cs – Cingulate sulcus CG – Cingulate gyrus CC – Corpus callosum CH – Caudate head LV – Lateral ventricle…
LOBAR ANATOMY Anatomic Structures F – Frontal lobe O – Occipital lobe P – Parietal lobe POF – Parietal-occipital fissure S – Sylvian fissure T – Temporal lobe CENTRAL SULCUS Anatomic Structures C – Central sulcus Cs – Cingulate sulcus F – Frontal lobe IPL – Inferior parietal lobule IPS – Intraparietal sulcus Interhemispheric falx (red) M – Marginal sulcus O – Occipital lobe P – Parietal lobe…
FETAL VENTRICULOMEGALY Isolated Mild Unilateral Ventriculomegaly Brain structurally normal Good prognosis Isolated Bilateral Ventriculomegaly Brain structurally normal Often mild Good prognosis Porencephaly CSF-filled cavity Communicates (usually) with ventricle Ischemia and infection most common causes Hemorrhage Variety of maternal and fetal…
INTRODUCTION Background The majority (80%) of pediatric spine trauma occurs in the cervical spine and annual incidence is 1% to 2%. Pediatric spine trauma is most commonly secondary to motor vehicle accidents (52%), sports injury (27%), falls (15%), and nonaccidental…
INTRODUCTION Background Infectious, inflammatory, and demyelinating disorders of the spinal cord are commonly encountered in children. Children typically present with acute neurologic signs and symptoms, including sensory and motor deficits, hyporeflexia or hyperreflexia, and bowel or bladder incontinence. Lumbar puncture…
APPROACH TO SPINE MASSES Key Points Background Spinal masses include those arising from the central nervous system, as well as those arising from other organ systems with either direct extension or systemic spread to the spine. It is important to…