1.1 Introduction One cannot cure without knowing what is wrong, which is why diagnostic techniques are essential to practice medicine. The heart is a mechanical organ, a pump consisting of moving structures, directed flow, electric controls, and an efficient oxygen…
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Dangerous injuries ▪ Coins may lodge in the oesophagus—slightly dangerous. □ The CXR must include the neck. ▪ Button batteries may lodge in the oesophagus—highly dangerous. □ The halo sign is important. ▪ Two magnets in the bowel—highly dangerous. □…
The standard radiographs Foreign body in soft tissue ▪ Two radiographs—angulated so that bone does not obscure the injured site. Orbital foreign bodies ▪ Two frontal projections: upward and downward gaze. Alternative imaging to consider Soft tissue foreign bodies ▪…
Appropriate imaging ▪ CT is frequently the optimum first line investigation. ▪ US is sometimes the optimum first line test. ▪ The AXR has a limited, occasionally useful, role. Abbreviations AXR, abdominal X-ray examination; CT, computed tomography; CT KUB, computer…
The chest X-ray (CXR) A comprehensive description of the information that can be provided by the CXR requires a textbook all of its own. Our companion book The Chest X-Ray : A Survival Guide will assist you to get the…
Regularly overlooked injuries ▪ Lisfranc subluxations. ▪ Fatigue fractures involving the 2nd or 3rd metatarsals. ▪ Avulsion fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal—overlooked on ankle radiographs. The standard radiographs Protocols vary. In the UK a two view series…
Regularly overlooked injuries Talus : talar dome osteochondral lesion; neck of talus fracture; medial or lateral process fractures. Calcaneum : acute fracture; stress fracture. Syndesmotic widening (tear of tibiofibular membrane). Base of 5th metatarsal fracture. The standard radiographs Ankle :…
The standard radiographs AP and Lateral. Suspected patella fracture, but AP & lateral are equivocal: Skyline view . Occasionally, a Tunnel view to evaluate the intercondylar area. Regularly overlooked injuries ▪ Plateau fracture. ▪ Segond fracture. ▪ Small fragments in…