Every radiologist will occasionally be confronted with a mass of nonspecific imaging characteristics. Eventually, many of these lesions turn out to be non-neoplastic. These non-neoplastic masses belong to a large and heterogeneous group often named “pseudotumors.” Soft tissue pseudotumors are…
In this chapter a pragmatic or analytical approach is presented for the detection, staging, grading, and tissue-specific diagnosis of soft tissue tumors (STTs; Fig. 95-1 ). Because of the large number of types of these tumors, classification in a few…
There is a large spectrum of bone conditions that can have similar imaging appearances to tumors. These can be broadly classified into two categories. First are the space-occupying lesions in bone that are macroscopic in appearance but non-neoplastic in nature.…
Myeloma typically is a multifocal, or diffuse, disease that is also called Kahler's disease, multiple myeloma, myelomatosis, and plasma cell myeloma. Solitary myeloma (plasmacytoma) is rare and must be differentiated from an early manifestation of what will eventually appear to…
Primary bone tumors are rare and, unlike osseous metastases and myeloma, tend to occur in otherwise fit children, adolescents, and young adults. Patients typically present with either pain or swelling that may be initially mild or intermittent but, in time,…
When someone notices a soft tissue lump, it is inevitable that he or she will be worried and fearful until it can be identified. The patient may have discovered the lump, or it may have been felt or noticed by…
Tumors are typically detected on radiographs. A tumor is a space-occupying lesion. It may be neoplastic or non-neoplastic. The non-neoplastic tumor is also referred to as a tumor-like lesion. The group of tumor-like lesions is very heterogeneous and contains normal…
Numerous pharmacologic agents may adversely affect the musculoskeletal system. Radiographic manifestations of these pathologic effects may often be apparent in the advance of clinical symptomatology. Therefore, the radiologist may be the first physician to raise the possibility of a drug-related…
Abstract Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville syndrome, Bourneville-Pringle syndrome, Bourneville-Brissaud disease, Pringle disease, phakomatosis, epiloia) is a neurocutaneous syndrome that is classically characterized by a clinical triad of epileptic seizures, mental retardation, and adenoma sebaceum (dermal angiofibroma). Despite the classic triad, tuberous…
Etiology Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder characterized by the accumulation of non-necrotizing granulomas in affected organs, with varying degrees of associated inflammation or fibrosis. Its exact etiology is not known. The pattern of organ involvement and disease progression is variable…