Acknowledgments The authors of this chapter acknowledge BioMed Central as the original publisher of selected figures in this chapter as indicated by references to the original authors and publications. The authors also acknowledge Oxford University Press as the original publisher…
5.1 Development of cardiac CT In 1972, the first CT scanner was designed by the engineer Geoffrey N. Hounsfield at an English company named EMI Ltd. Together with Allan C. Cormack, a physicist from Cape Town who developed the mathematical…
3.1 Introduction Radionuclide imaging today is an active and growing branch of medical diagnostics. Over the past decades, radionuclide imaging has advanced to become a cornerstone for the accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of a variety of medical conditions. Interestingly,…
2.1 Introduction The traditional echocardiographic techniques are widely used and form a routine complete echocardiographic examination: – M-mode recordings, guided by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic images, are used for quantification of cardiac dimension and timing of rapid cardiac motions [ ].…
1.1 Introduction One cannot cure without knowing what is wrong, which is why diagnostic techniques are essential to practice medicine. The heart is a mechanical organ, a pump consisting of moving structures, directed flow, electric controls, and an efficient oxygen…
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Dangerous injuries ▪ Coins may lodge in the oesophagus—slightly dangerous. □ The CXR must include the neck. ▪ Button batteries may lodge in the oesophagus—highly dangerous. □ The halo sign is important. ▪ Two magnets in the bowel—highly dangerous. □…
The standard radiographs Foreign body in soft tissue ▪ Two radiographs—angulated so that bone does not obscure the injured site. Orbital foreign bodies ▪ Two frontal projections: upward and downward gaze. Alternative imaging to consider Soft tissue foreign bodies ▪…
Appropriate imaging ▪ CT is frequently the optimum first line investigation. ▪ US is sometimes the optimum first line test. ▪ The AXR has a limited, occasionally useful, role. Abbreviations AXR, abdominal X-ray examination; CT, computed tomography; CT KUB, computer…