Introduction The region of the head and neck involves complex anatomic structures, including the skull base, temporal bone, orbit, oral cavity, paranasal sinuses, and aerodigestive tract. Various kinds of pathology, including trauma, infection, congenital disease, and benign and malignant tumors…
Introduction to PET radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclides PET radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive tracers used for diagnostic purposes in PET imaging. They consist of two main components, a positron-emitting radionuclide and a tracer/carrier molecule that delivers the radioactive label to the target (…
Introduction Multimodal information is often required for diagnostic or research purposes as each imaging technique provides complementary data, for example about anatomy, physiology, or metabolism. Positron emission tomography (PET) measures the distribution and concentration of certain molecules in the body,…
In addition to the basic choice of transducer type and frequency for the examination in hand, there are many other factors on a Doppler ultrasound system which need to be adjusted. Despite the efforts of the manufacturers to automate and…
Background In the past 15–20 years, the practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has moved from a technique used in a few centres to a widely employed imaging modality that is used worldwide. This change in practice has been facilitated by…
Introduction Ultrasound is the preferred modality for performing imaging-guided interventional procedures. Advantages over other modalities such as CT include real-time guidance allowing precise needle placement, portability, relatively low cost, and lack of ionising radiation. , The addition of colour Doppler…
The circulatory changes that occur during pregnancy involve modification of vascular structure within the uterus (spiral arteries), the development of a neocirculation (the placenta and the fetus), a redistribution of blood flow and alteration in circulating blood volume such that…
Introduction Ultrasound is integral to modern gynaecological practice. This has been recognised by bodies such as the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, who have made ultrasound part of the core requirements in their training modules. Assisted conception units have…
Introduction Scrotal sonography was first introduced in the mid-1970s. It remains the imaging modality of choice because it is simple, relatively inexpensive, and quick. Continuing refinements in imaging technology with higher-frequency transducers, and increased Doppler sensitivity have greatly enhanced perception…
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements are made to Reginald Bruskewitz, MD; Mike Ledwidge, RDMS, RVT; Jeanne Johnson and Mercedes Kirk. Introduction Common indications for penile imaging are for evaluation of erectile dysfunction, trauma, priapism, penile carcinoma and Peyronie’s disease. Because it is a…