Key Points Opportunistic central nervous system infections are most commonly seen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus and are usually associated with profound immunosuppression. Hematologic disorders are frequent in cancer patients and may lead to neurological complications caused by thrombocytopenia,…
Key Points Geriatric patients tend to have atypical presentation of diseases, and the signs and symptoms may be nonspecific, contributing to delayed diagnoses. The incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage increases with age. Advanced age has been identified as the strongest independent…
Introduction Emergency departments (EDs) comprise a major source of medical care for patients in the United States, accounting for approximately 47.7% of the total number of medical care contacts. In 2018, there were over 143 million ED visits, of which…
The Importance of Postprocessing and Data Analysis for Breast Diffusion Weighted Imaging The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in breast cancer diagnosis and management is evolving as a supplemental screening tool for high-risk populations. Nowadays, a myriad of magnetic…
Data Acquisition Essential Elements of Calibration (B 0 And B 1 ) Most breast diffusion scans are performed with fat suppression and an echo-planar imaging (EPI) readout. Both these elements have optimal performance with uniform B 0 (magnet) and B…
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As discussed in detail in earlier chapters of this book, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a powerful tool in the multiparametric assessment of breast lesions with magnetic reconace imaging (MRI) and can provide decisive information for initial detection and classification of…
Overview of Breast Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Standardization Efforts Given the rapid advances in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technology and the multiple parameters influencing quality of breast DWI acquisition and analysis, harmonization of breast DWI protocols necessitates coherent standardization efforts by physicians, researchers,…
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique where the mobility of water molecules diffusing in tissue contributes to the image contrast. Sensitivity to diffusion is achieved by adding a pair of symmetrical diffusion sensitizing gradients to a…
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a promising approach for breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), both as a way to complement or to replace contrast-enhanced MRI. DWI measures diffusive motion, which is quantified by diffusivity, D , often measured in mm 2…