KEY FACTS Terminology Alveolar rupture caused by elevated transalveolar pressure during mechanical ventilation Imaging CT definitive test for presence & source of extraluminal gas Pleural spaces, mediastinum, subcutaneous, intra- and retroperitoneal, bowel wall Radiographic findings Pneumothorax – Radiolucent gas between…
KEY FACTS Imaging Ingested foreign bodies Commonly affect children, developmentally challenged or psychiatric patients, and inebriated adults Most ingested foreign bodies traverse GI tract without problem: < 1% cause obstruction or perforation – Elongated or sharp objects may impact at point…
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KEY FACTS Terminology Inflammatory disease of GI tract characterized by tissue eosinophilia that can involve all layers of wall "Eosinophilic gastroenteritis" is misnomer; can affect any portion of GI tract Requires 4 criteria for diagnosis Presence of GI symptoms Biopsy…
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KEY FACTS Terminology Abdominal opportunistic infections and neoplasms resulting from HIV/AIDS-related immunodeficiency Imaging Liver and spleen Small hypodense nodules may be microabscesses Larger hypodense lesions might be infectious, but AIDS-related lymphoma should be considered Pneumocystis may result in tiny calcifications…
KEY FACTS Imaging Afferent loop (AL) syndrome AL becomes obstructed by adhesions, recurrent tumor, internal hernia, etc. CT is better than fluoroscopic studies for this diagnosis Colonoscopy and other endoscopic procedures Prevalence of complications is 1-2% CT shows perforation best…
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