Synonyms/Description Adnexal cyst, mesothelial or paramesonephric cyst Etiology Paratubal and paraovarian cysts arise from the broad ligament. They constitute 10% of adnexal masses. They are usually benign but may rarely (reportedly 2%) contain malignant or borderline elements. Etiologies for paratubal…
Synonyms/Description Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis (SPT) Etiology Ovarian vein thrombosis is a rare but potentially severe postpartum complication, occurring 80% to 90% of the time on the right side, and with a reported incidence of 1:600 to 1:2000 deliveries. Ovarian vein…
Synonyms/Description Adnexal torsion Etiology Torsion is defined as the twisting by at least one complete turn of the adnexa, ovary, or (rarely) the tube only around the infundibulo-pelvic and tubo-ovarian ligament, resulting in ischemia. It occurs more frequently on the…
Synonyms/Description Ovarian carcinoma or adenocarcinoma Etiology Ovarian cancer is the second most common (endometrial is number one) genital tract malignancy (1% to 2% lifetime risk) and the most deadly (overall 5-year survival of 45%). Familial predisposition accounts for 5% to…
Synonyms/Description Echogenic foci or “bright spots” of the ovary Most commonly thought to represent calcified corpora albicans Etiology In a study by Brown and colleagues, small ovarian calcifications (1 to 3 mm) were found in more than half of women…
Synonyms/Description Congenital uterine anomalies Etiology Congenital anomalies of uterine shape occur in 3% to 4% of all women. The prevalence in women with infertility and early miscarriage is up to 10%, and as high as 25% in those with midtrimester…
Synonyms/Description One of the epithelial-stromal tumors containing mucoid material Etiology Most mucinous cystadenomas are benign tumors, although 20% can be borderline (low malignant potential) or malignant. Benign mucinous cystadenomas represent 20% to 25% of all benign ovarian tumors and occur…
Synonyms/Description Secondary ovarian tumor Krukenberg tumor (originating mostly from the gastrointestinal tract) Etiology Metastatic tumors to the ovary account for approximately 20% of ovarian malignancies. The most common primary origins for metastatic disease to the ovary include colon, stomach, breast,…
Synonyms/Description Lymphadenopathy Etiology Lymph nodes are common sites of metastatic disease in gynecologic tumors and are an important prognostic factor in these malignancies. For example, the 5-year survival for a patient with vulvar cancer and normal nodes is 90%, compared…
Synonyms/Description Benign metastasizing leiomyoma Etiology This is caused by intravascular proliferation of a smooth muscle, leiomyoma-like tumor, which is noninvading locally, but grows within venous channels of the uterus and pelvis as serpiginous tubular masses. This growth can be extensive…