KEY FACTS Imaging CT: Hemorrhage appearance based on density Hyperdense mass (50-70 Hounsfield units) on NECT Peripheral edema develops over 1st few days MR: Intracranial hemorrhage staging based on T1 and T2 signal characteristics MR as sensitive as CT in…
Introduction Stroke is a generic term that describes the clinical event of a sudden onset of neurologic deficit secondary to cerebrovascular disease. Stroke has 4 main etiologies, including cerebral infarction (80%), intraparenchymal hemorrhage (15%), nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (5%), and venous…
TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations Superior sagittal sinus (SSS) Inferior sagittal sinus (ISS) Internal cerebral vein (ICV) Straight sinus (SS) Great cerebral vein (vein of Galen, VofG) Transverse sinus (TS) Superior/inferior petrosal sinuses (SPS/IPS) Cavernous sinus (CS) Internal jugular vein (IJV) Basal vein…
TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations Anterior, middle, posterior cerebral arteries (ACA, MCA, PCA) Anterior, posterior communicating arteries (ACoA, PCoA) Basilar artery (BA) Vertebral artery (VA) Anterior, posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA, PICA) Anterior choroidal artery (AChoA) Recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH) GROSS ANATOMY…
KEY FACTS Terminology Definition Neurodegenerative disease secondary to repetitive concussive/subconcussive head injuries Synonyms Dementia pugilistica (“punch-drunk”) Postconcussion syndrome Imaging MR Age-inappropriate volume loss – Voxel-based morphometry shows disproportionate involvement of medial temporal lobes Nonspecific T2/FLAIR punctate, confluent hyperintensities in deep,…
KEY FACTS Terminology Direct carotid cavernous fistula (CCF), high-flow CCF Single-hole tear/transection of cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) with arteriovenous shunt into cavernous sinus (CS) Imaging General features Proptosis, dilated superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) and CS, extraocular muscle enlargement Skull…
KEY FACTS Terminology Dissection Intramural hematoma extends along vessel wall Dissecting aneurysm Dissection + aneurysmal dilation contained by adventitia Pseudoaneurysm Lumen contained by thrombus outside vessel wall Imaging Location Often adjacent to falx, skull, tentorium, or region of significant motion…
KEY FACTS Terminology Dysautoregulation/second impact syndrome Repeated head trauma within “window of vulnerability” before brain recovers from initial concussive injury May cause catastrophic brain swelling Imaging Thin, acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) Disproportionate mass effect – Midline (subfalcine) shift more than…
KEY FACTS Terminology Brain death (BD); death by neurological criteria (DNC) Complete, irreversible cessation of brain function Imaging No flow in intracranial arteries or venous sinuses No intravascular enhancement on CT or MR Light-bulb sign on radionuclide study Diffuse cerebral…
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