1 What are some applications of 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in the nononcological setting? For the answer, see Box 77-1 . The applications in nononcological cardiac and brain disorders will be discussed separately in Chapters 82…
1 What is 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose (FDG)? FDG is the most widely used radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and was first tested in humans in 1976. Its utility is based on the Warburg effect (described in the late 1920s…
1 What are some common image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures? Musculoskeletal radiology is a subspecialty that encompasses many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using image guidance. Some common ultrasonography-guided (US-guided) procedures in musculoskeletal radiology include: joint injections, tendon sheath injections, calcific tendinosis…
1 What is the basic normal vascular anatomy of the brain? Arterial The cerebral vasculature is supplied by 4 arterial vessels—the paired internal carotid arteries (ICA) and the vertebral arteries (VA)—and can be divided into anterior and posterior circulations. The…
1 List the indications for percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) ( Figure 73-1 ). To relieve obstruction in the setting of infection or to preserve renal function. To assist in the removal of a calculus or foreign body. To divert urine to…
1 What are the indications for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage? Percutaneous biliary drainage is indicated for the treatment of cholangitis or pruritus related to hyperbilirubinemia in the setting of benign or malignant obstructive biliary disease. Biliary drainage may also be…
1 Describe embolotherapy and some of its indications. Embolotherapy is temporary or permanent vascular occlusion induced by the intravascular administration of materials via a percutaneous route. Embolization has various clinical applications, including control of bleeding; treatment of vascular malformations; and…
1 What is the appropriate landmark for a femoral artery puncture? Some risks of arteriography can be minimized by properly selecting the puncture site. Above the inguinal canal, the common femoral artery becomes the external iliac artery and dives posteriorly.…
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) 1 What is the basic composition of a stent graft? A stent graft is composed of a metallic stent structure covered by a medical-grade fabric. The stents are typically made from stainless steel or nitinol (nickel…
1 What are the major indications for image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy? Image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy (IPNB) is an established, effective nonsurgical procedure that is performed in selected patients to obtain a pathologic diagnosis or to guide appropriate patient management. Indications…