Normal Anatomy and Imaging Techniques The normal anatomy and configuration of the heart on a chest x-ray and on a computed tomography (CT) scan were discussed in Chapter 3 . Imaging of the heart also can be done with magnetic…
Imaging Methods Breast imaging generally refers to mammography. Mammography can detect a significant number of tumors not found by palpation or self-breast examination. Even if a mass is palpable, there are no reliable physical characteristics to distinguish benign from malignant…
The Normal Chest Image Technical Considerations Exposure Making a properly exposed chest x-ray is much more difficult than making x-rays of other parts of the body because the chest contains tissues with a great range of contrast. The range stretches…
Skull and Brain The appropriate initial imaging studies for various clinical problems are shown in Table 2.1 . TABLE 2.1 Imaging Modalities for Cranial Problems Suspected Cranial Problem Initial Imaging Study Skull fracture CT scan including bone windows Major head…
You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Achondroplasia An AD (80% new mutation rate) skeletal dysplasia due to impaired enchondral bone growth. Skull 1. Large skull. Small base. Small sella. Steep clivus. Small, funnel-shaped foramen magnum. 2. Hydrocephalus of variable severity. Thorax 1. Thick, stubby sternum. 2.…
Diffuse increased uptake on whole-body bone scans (‘superscan’) Definition: diffuse increased uptake in the axial skeleton ± proximal long bones with almost no uptake in soft tissues and kidneys, though bladder activity may still be present. 1. Widespread bone metastases…
Retarded skeletal maturation Chronic ill-health 1. Congenital heart disease —particularly cyanotic. 2. Renal failure. 3. Inflammatory bowel disease * . 4. Malnutrition. 5. Rickets * . 6. Maternal deprivation. Endocrine disorders 1. Hypothyroidism —severe retardation (≥5 standard deviations below the…
Solitary acute intracranial haemorrhage 1. Intracerebral . (a) Hypertension —basal ganglia, pons, cerebellum. (b) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy —lobar location, peripheral microhaemorrhages (often multifocal). (c) Haemorrhagic lesions —e.g. metastases, primary tumours, infarcts. (d) Traumatic —more commonly multifocal (see Section 13.3 ).…
Parapharyngeal space lesions The parapharyngeal space (PPS) contains primarily fat, small vessels and small nerves. It lies between the parotid, masticator, carotid and pharyngeal mucosal spaces. Primary pathology in the PPS is rare (e.g. schwannoma, branchial cleft cyst, venolymphatic malformations…