Developmental Skeletal Anomalies Osteochondrodysplasias These are classified into 33 groups (1–33) ▸ abnormalities are intrinsic to bone and cartilage and will continue to evolve throughout life ■ Dysplasias: abnormalities of bone ± cartilage growth ■ Osteodystrophies: abnormalities of bone ±…
Acute Osteomyelitis Acute Osteomyelitis Definition Acute infection of the bone diagnosed within 2 weeks of symptoms (subacute if diagnosed > 2 weeks) ▸ causes: ▪ Staphylococcus aureus : commonest organism in any age group (80%) ▪ Gram-negative organisms ( Pseudomonas/Enterobacter…
Introduction Clinical and Radiological Findings in Joint Disease Condition Site of involvement Discriminatory findings Primary osteoarthritis (F>M ▸ > 45 years) Hands PIP and DIP joint involvement (Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes) ▸ no osteopenia Large joints (e.g. hip, knee) Joint…
Osteoporosis Osteoporosis Definition A systemic skeletal disease characterized by a low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of the bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility and an associated susceptibility to fracture It is the most common metabolic disorder…
Chondroid Origin Chondrosarcoma Definition A malignant cartilage-producing tumour – it generally has a better prognosis than an osteosarcoma (due to late metastases) Classification: ▪ Central (intramedullary) vs peripheral ▪ Primary vs secondary (e.g. arising in a pre-existing bone lesion such…
Chondroid Origin (En)Chondroma Definition Chondroma: a benign intramedullary neoplasm consisting of mature hyaline cartilage ▸ it is commonly centrally located (and then referred to as an enchondroma) It is the 2 nd commonest benign chondral lesion (after an osteochondroma) Clinical…
General Characteristics of Bone Tumours Age at Presentation Metastases are the commonest malignant bone tumours in patients that are > 45 years of age (an atypical metastasis is more common in this age group than a classical primary malignant tumour)…
Localized Calcification and Ossification Localized Calcification and Ossification Definition Deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate or calcium hydroxyapatite within soft tissues is called mineralization or calcification Metastatic: the result of abnormal calcium metabolism Calcinosis: occurring with a normal calcium metabolism Dystrophic:…
Specific Paediatric Fractures Greenstick/Torus Fracture/Plastic Bowing Definition In the paediatric skeleton the soft bone tends to bend and partially break (greater elasticity) Greenstick fracture: the bone cortex and periosteum break on the convex side of a long bone only Torus…
Introduction General Considerations XR Two orthogonal views are required ▸ it is poor at soft tissue assessment Displacement and obliteration of the normal fat pads can be a clue to an acute fracture haematoma or joint distension ▸ a lipohaemarthrosis…