Key Points Opportunistic central nervous system infections are most commonly seen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus and are usually associated with profound immunosuppression. Hematologic disorders are frequent in cancer patients and may lead to neurological complications caused by thrombocytopenia,…
Key Points Geriatric patients tend to have atypical presentation of diseases, and the signs and symptoms may be nonspecific, contributing to delayed diagnoses. The incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage increases with age. Advanced age has been identified as the strongest independent…
Introduction Emergency departments (EDs) comprise a major source of medical care for patients in the United States, accounting for approximately 47.7% of the total number of medical care contacts. In 2018, there were over 143 million ED visits, of which…
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Dangerous injuries ▪ Coins may lodge in the oesophagus—slightly dangerous. □ The CXR must include the neck. ▪ Button batteries may lodge in the oesophagus—highly dangerous. □ The halo sign is important. ▪ Two magnets in the bowel—highly dangerous. □…
The standard radiographs Foreign body in soft tissue ▪ Two radiographs—angulated so that bone does not obscure the injured site. Orbital foreign bodies ▪ Two frontal projections: upward and downward gaze. Alternative imaging to consider Soft tissue foreign bodies ▪…
Appropriate imaging ▪ CT is frequently the optimum first line investigation. ▪ US is sometimes the optimum first line test. ▪ The AXR has a limited, occasionally useful, role. Abbreviations AXR, abdominal X-ray examination; CT, computed tomography; CT KUB, computer…
The chest X-ray (CXR) A comprehensive description of the information that can be provided by the CXR requires a textbook all of its own. Our companion book The Chest X-Ray : A Survival Guide will assist you to get the…
Regularly overlooked injuries ▪ Lisfranc subluxations. ▪ Fatigue fractures involving the 2nd or 3rd metatarsals. ▪ Avulsion fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal—overlooked on ankle radiographs. The standard radiographs Protocols vary. In the UK a two view series…